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Teaching ethics using small-group, problem-based learning

J W Tysinger1, L K Klonis, J Z Sadler

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas, USA.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|November 14, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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First-year medical students utilize problem-based learning in Introduction to Clinical Medicine-1 to address complex ethical dilemmas in realistic patient cases. This course enhances ethical reasoning and clinical decision-making skills through case analysis and discussion.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • First-year medical curriculum often integrates ethics training.
  • Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach used in medical education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the implementation of an ethics-focused, problem-based learning module in a first-year medical course.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of PBL in teaching clinical ethics to novice medical students.

Main Methods:

  • The Introduction to Clinical Medicine-1 course employed PBL with small groups (7-9 students, 2 facilitators).
  • Six realistic clinical cases, emphasizing ethics, were used over two sessions per case.
  • Cases included written vignettes and standardized patients, incorporating diverse learning issues.
  • Students identified ethical problems, formulated learning issues, discussed resolutions, and wrote reflective essays.
Keywords:
Bioethics and Professional EthicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School (Dallas)

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Main Results:

  • Students actively engaged in identifying and analyzing ethical problems within clinical scenarios.
  • The PBL approach facilitated discussion and justification of clinical actions for ethical dilemmas.
  • Reflective essays demonstrated student learning and their approaches to resolving ethical issues.

Conclusions:

  • Problem-based learning effectively engages first-year medical students in exploring clinical ethics.
  • The course structure supports the development of ethical reasoning and decision-making skills.
  • Integrating ethics into early medical training prepares students for complex patient care.