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Trigeminal neuralgia: an anatomically oriented review

D Bowsher1

  • 1Pain Research Institute, Walton Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. pri@liv.ac.uk

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a painful nerve disorder. Evidence suggests vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve causes TGN, and surgical decompression can relieve pain and sensory deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a paroxysmal pain disorder with spontaneous remissions and recurrences.
  • Pain in TGN involves large nerve fibers and can be triggered by non-mechanical stimuli.
  • Autonomic influences, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and sensory deficits (temperature and touch) are observed in TGN patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the hypothesis that TGN is primarily a disorder of central processing.
  • To review evidence linking vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve to TGN symptoms and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence and case studies on trigeminal neuralgia.
  • Analysis of the relationship between nerve compression, pain mechanisms, and surgical outcomes.

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Main Results:

  • The majority of TGN cases are linked to vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons.
  • Surgical decompression can effectively relieve TGN pain and restore sensory deficits.
  • No peripheral anatomical abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve have been consistently identified.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is the likely cause for most TGN cases.
  • Central processing, including the proximal nerve segment, may play a role in TGN pathophysiology.
  • Surgical decompression offers a viable treatment option for TGN.