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Autoimmunity and diabetic neuropathy

N Canal¹, R Nemni

¹Dept. of Neurology, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.

Clinical Neuroscience (New York, N.Y.)

|January 1, 1997

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Autoimmunity may play a role in diabetic neuropathy, but research has not yet confirmed a link between autoantibodies and nerve damage. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the role of these antibodies in diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Autoimmunity is increasingly implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy.
Several potential autoantibody targets have been investigated in relation to diabetic neuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current literature on autoantibodies in diabetic neuropathy.
To assess the evidence for a relationship between autoantibodies and the presence or pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating autoantibodies in diabetic neuropathy.
Analysis of data regarding autoantibodies against nerve growth factor, adrenal medulla, sympathetic/parasympathetic structures, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and phospholipids.

Main Results:

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Current data do not show a clear difference in autoantibody frequency or titers between patients with and without diabetic neuropathy.
The role of detected autoantibodies in causing nerve damage versus reflecting existing damage remains unclear.

Conclusions:

The existing literature does not provide conclusive evidence for a direct role of autoantibodies in diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis.
Longitudinal studies are required to resolve conflicting data and elucidate the precise relationship between autoantibodies and nerve damage in diabetes.