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Hemagglutination with equine arteritis virus

T Kubota1, Y Inaba, K Uwatoko

  • 1Department of Veterinary Epizootiology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan.

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|November 15, 1997
PubMed
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Equine arteritis virus (EAV) shows hemagglutination (HA) with mouse and chicken erythrocytes. This study details HA testing and highlights the correlation between hemagglutinating inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibody titers in horses.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is an important pathogen affecting horses.
  • Hemagglutination (HA) is a common diagnostic assay used in virology.
  • Understanding EAV's interaction with different cell types is crucial for diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hemagglutination (HA) properties of Equine arteritis virus (EAV).
  • To determine the optimal conditions for EAV HA reactions.
  • To evaluate the correlation between HA-inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibody titers in horses.

Main Methods:

  • EAV was cultured on RK13 cell lines.
  • Hemagglutination assays were performed using erythrocytes from various animal species at different temperatures (4°C, room temperature, 37°C).

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  • HA activity was assessed after virus treatment (Tween 80, ether) and inhibition by specific antiserum.

    • Main Results:

    • EAV exhibited hemagglutination with mouse and chicken erythrocytes across all tested temperatures.
    • Erythrocytes from cattle, horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, Mongolian gerbils, geese, and chick embryos did not show HA.
    • Chicken erythrocyte agglutinability varied individually, necessitating bird selection.
    • HA activity was enhanced by Tween 80 and ether treatment.
    • The HA reaction was specifically inhibited by antiserum.
    • Optimal HA-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers were achieved with a 24-hour incubation at 4°C.
    • A significant positive correlation was observed between HI and neutralizing antibody titers in horse sera.

    Conclusions:

    • EAV demonstrates species-specific hemagglutination, primarily with mouse and chicken erythrocytes.
    • Optimized conditions and specific antiserum are effective in EAV HA and HI assays.
    • HI antibody titers serve as a reliable indicator, correlating positively with neutralizing antibody titers in horses, suggesting potential for diagnostic applications.