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Engineering the tissue which encapsulates subcutaneous implants. I. Diffusion properties

A A Sharkawy1, B Klitzman, G A Truskey

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, NSF Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0295, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|November 22, 1997
PubMed
Summary

The fibrous capsule around implants significantly slows glucose sensor detection by threefold. Porous implant surfaces may improve sensor responsiveness by reducing fibrous tissue formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Implantable sensors require efficient analyte transport for accurate readings.
  • Fibrous capsule formation around implants can impede analyte diffusion.
  • Understanding capsule properties is crucial for sensor design and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze small analyte transport through implant encapsulation tissues.
  • To compare diffusion characteristics of different fibrous capsule types.
  • To model the impact of capsule thickness on sensor lag time.

Main Methods:

  • Implanted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and stainless-steel (SS) specimens in rat subcutis.
  • Histologic examination to assess capsule density and vascularity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Dual-chamber diffusion measurements of sodium fluorescein.
  • Developed a two-component diffusion model and a finite difference model.

    • Main Results:

    • Densely fibrous, avascular capsules (PVA-skin, SS) significantly reduced analyte diffusion (50% and 25% less than subcutis, respectively).
    • Less fibrous, vascular capsules (PVA-60, PVA-350) showed no significant difference in diffusion compared to subcutis.
    • A 200-micron capsule layer could increase sensor detection lag time threefold.
    • A two-component diffusion model accurately predicted diffusion in fibrous tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Fibrous capsule formation around smooth implants creates a significant diffusion barrier for small analytes like glucose.
    • Sensor lag time is increased by capsule thickness, impacting real-time monitoring.
    • Porous implant surfaces promoting tissue ingrowth may lead to more responsive sensors due to less fibrous encapsulation.