Umbilical vein catheterization and portal hypertension

Portal hypertension is a rarely encountered late complication of umbilical vein catheterization. A survey of the 38 cases previously published is presented together with an additional case report. It is concluded that catheterization for more than 2 days carries an increased risk of thrombosis, and that umbilical artery catheterization should be preferred in the majority of cases due to a reduced risk of complications. The correct position of the catheter tip must always be controlled by fluoroscopy or X-ray. Infusion of hypertonic solutions with unphysiological pH should be restricted and umbilical vessel catheterization should only be carried out in severe cases. Pretreatment of the catheters with heparin possibly reduces the hazards.