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Related Experiment Videos

Alternative oxygen carriers

J R Hess1

  • 1Blood Research Detachment, USAMRD-NNMC, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood substitutes like modified hemoglobin and perfluorocarbons show significant toxicity in preclinical studies. Developing a safe and effective alternative oxygen carrier remains a distant goal.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Alternative oxygen carriers, or blood substitutes, are under investigation for clinical use.
  • Existing data on their efficacy and safety in human trials is not publicly accessible.
  • Preclinical research indicates substantial toxicity associated with modified cell-free hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known toxicities of cell-free hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon emulsions.
  • To assess the current status and future prospects of developing safe and effective erythrocyte substitutes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data on modified hemoglobin solutions.
  • Analysis of preclinical data on perfluorocarbon emulsions.

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  • Evaluation of toxicological profiles and pharmacokinetic properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Modified hemoglobin exhibits multiple toxicities, including nitric oxide inactivation, free-radical reactions, neurotoxicity, immune system activation, and increased susceptibility to infections.
    • Perfluorocarbon emulsions can activate complement and lead to lung dysfunction.
    • Both carrier types have short intravascular half-lives, and safe perfluorocarbon doses offer limited oxygen transport.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant toxicities limit the clinical application of current modified hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers.
    • Ongoing protein engineering efforts aim to mitigate hemoglobin toxicities.
    • A safe and effective artificial erythrocyte substitute is not yet achievable.