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Inhibitory synaptogenesis in mouse somatosensory cortex

J De Felipe1, P Marco, A Fairén

  • 1Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|December 31, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Inhibitory synapses in the rodent cerebral cortex are present and functional from early postnatal development, contrary to prior beliefs. These inhibitory connections are less affected by synaptic pruning than excitatory ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Previous research suggested limited or absent inhibitory synapses in the early postnatal rodent cerebral cortex.
  • This timing coincided with thalamocortical fiber innervation, a critical developmental period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and development of inhibitory synapses in the rodent cerebral cortex from early postnatal stages through adulthood.
  • To determine the role of inhibitory synapses during thalamocortical innervation and subsequent synaptic pruning.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative electron microscopy was employed on the mouse somatosensory cortex (posteromedial barrel subfield).
  • Synapses were analyzed from postnatal day 4 (P4) to adulthood (P120), assessing both asymmetrical (excitatory) and symmetrical (inhibitory) types.

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  • Immunoreactivity for GABA was used to confirm inhibitory synapse identity.

    • Main Results:

    • Both excitatory and inhibitory synapses were present from P4, with inhibitory synapses immunoreactive for GABA.
    • Synapse density increased significantly until P32, with excitatory synapses proliferating more rapidly.
    • Post-P32, overall synapse numbers decreased, primarily affecting excitatory synapses, while inhibitory synapses were less impacted.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhibitory synaptogenesis in the rodent cortex begins earlier than previously understood, providing a basis for early neural inhibition.
    • Synaptic pruning occurs after thalamocortical innervation is established, with inhibitory synapses showing greater resilience than excitatory ones.