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The Periodic Table03:25

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As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
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Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
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Platinum-group element abundance patterns in different mantle environments

Rehkamper1, Halliday, Barfod

  • 1M. Rehkamper, A. N. Halliday, D. Barfod, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA. J. G. Fitton and J. B. Dawson, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 5, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Platinum-group element (PGE) patterns in mantle xenoliths reveal distinct upper mantle histories. Cameroon Line xenoliths suggest a homogeneous mantle, while Tanzanian xenoliths indicate a fluid-rich, suprasubduction zone origin.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Petrology
  • Mantle Xenolith Studies

Background:

  • Mantle-derived xenoliths provide crucial insights into the Earth's upper mantle composition and evolution.
  • Platinum-group elements (PGEs) are sensitive tracers of mantle processes, including melt extraction and fluid alteration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the platinum-group element (PGE) abundance patterns in mantle xenoliths from the Cameroon Line and northern Tanzania.
  • To elucidate the distinct mantle evolution histories of these two regions based on their PGE systematics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in mantle xenoliths (lherzolites and peridotites).
  • Comparison of observed PGE patterns with known mantle reservoirs and geological settings (e.g., ophiolites, suprasubduction zones).

Main Results:

  • Cameroon Line lherzolites exhibit uniform PGE patterns with chondritic ratios, indicative of a homogeneous upper mantle.
  • Tanzanian peridotites display PGE patterns similar to ultramafic rocks from ophiolites, suggesting a different mantle evolution.
  • The observed differences are attributed to contrasting lithospheric development: fluid-rich suprasubduction for Tanzania and melt extraction from anhydrous peridotites for Cameroon Line.

Conclusions:

  • The upper mantle beneath the Cameroon Line is interpreted as homogeneous and largely anhydrous.
  • The lithosphere in northern Tanzania likely formed in a fluid-rich suprasubduction zone environment.
  • PGE abundance patterns in mantle xenoliths serve as powerful indicators of diverse mantle processes and tectonic settings.