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Related Experiment Videos

Delayed recognition memory span in HIV-1 infection

E M Martin1, D L Pitrak, K J Pursell

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago 60612, USA. eileen.m.martin@uic.edu

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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HIV-seropositive individuals with substance abuse issues showed significant working memory deficits on the spatial Delayed Recognition Span Test (DRST). Standard cognitive tests did not differentiate groups, highlighting the DRST

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Basal ganglia disease and substance abuse can impair cognitive function.
  • Standard cognitive tests like the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Trail Making Test (TMT) may not effectively detect HIV-related cognitive dysfunction, especially in substance abusers.
  • Working memory is a critical cognitive function that may be affected by HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a spatial Delayed Recognition Span Test (DRST) in detecting cognitive dysfunction in HIV-seropositive individuals with a history of substance abuse.
  • To compare the diagnostic utility of the spatial DRST with established cognitive measures (SDMT, TMT) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Administered a spatial version of the DRST, SDMT, and TMT to 96 HIV-seropositive and 83 HIV-seronegative subjects with high rates of substance abuse.

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  • Matched groups on age, education, estimated intelligence, and psychological distress to control for confounding variables.
  • Analyzed cognitive test scores to identify group differences.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV-seropositive subjects demonstrated significantly shorter spatial spans and lower total DRST scores compared to seronegative controls (p < .007 and p < .005, respectively).
    • The SDMT and TMT scores did not significantly differentiate between the HIV-seropositive and seronegative groups.
    • Cognitive deficits observed in the HIV-seropositive group could not be attributed to differences in demographic or psychological factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The spatial DRST is a sensitive and promising tool for identifying HIV-related working memory impairments in individuals with substance abuse histories.
    • The DRST may be more effective than SDMT and TMT in detecting cognitive dysfunction in this specific population due to non-specific impairments on psychomotor tasks.
    • Further research into working memory deficits in HIV-seropositive individuals is warranted.