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Neuroimaging--autopsy correlations in AIDS

J G Smirniotopoulos1, K K Koeller, A M Nelson

  • 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights the radiologic-pathologic correlation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It emphasizes gross pathology findings from autopsy materials, detailing opportunistic neoplasms and infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop central nervous system (CNS) lesions.
  • Opportunistic infections and neoplasms are common causes of CNS pathology in AIDS.
  • Radiologic imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing CNS lesions in AIDS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate radiologic findings with gross pathologic findings of CNS lesions in AIDS patients.
  • To illustrate opportunistic neoplasms, such as primary CNS lymphoma.
  • To discuss the imaging and pathology of common opportunistic infections in the CNS of AIDS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of autopsy materials to correlate gross pathology with radiologic images.
  • Focus on gross pathologic correlations not typically available in standard imaging reviews.

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  • Illustration of specific opportunistic neoplasms and infections.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary CNS lymphoma is a key opportunistic neoplasm discussed.
    • Common opportunistic CNS infections include toxoplasmosis, AIDS encephalitis (HIV-1), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis.
    • Gross pathology provides definitive correlation with radiologic appearances of these lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiologic-pathologic correlation is essential for understanding CNS lesions in AIDS.
    • Autopsy-based gross pathology offers unique insights into the imaging characteristics of these lesions.
    • Accurate diagnosis and management of CNS complications in AIDS rely on integrating imaging and pathology data.