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Autonomic and vasomotor regulation

D J Reis¹, E V Golanov

¹Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.

International Review of Neurobiology

|January 1, 1997

Summary

The cerebellum

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Autonomic Nervous System
Cerebrovascular Regulation

Background:

The cerebellum modulates systemic circulation and cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and metabolism (rCGU).
It plays a role in long-term brain protection against ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the fastigial nucleus (FN) in regulating cerebral circulation and neuroprotection.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying FN-mediated cerebral vasodilation and neuroprotection.

Main Methods:

Electrical stimulation of the rostral ventral pole of the fastigial nucleus (FN).
Measurement of arterial pressure (AP), rCBF, and cerebral glucose uptake (rCGU).
Assessment of neuroprotection against focal cerebral infarction.

Main Results:

FN stimulation elevates AP, releases vasoactive hormones, and increases rCBF independently of rCGU.
Cerebral vasodilation is mediated by brainstem and cortical vasodilator pathways.
FN stimulation reduces cerebral infarction volume by 50% and provides long-lasting neuroprotection.
Neuroprotection is independent of changes in rCBF or rCGU, possibly involving altered neuronal excitability or reduced inflammation.

Conclusions:

The FN is involved in autonomic, metabolic, and behavioral control, separate from motor functions.
The FN integrates information on autonomic and behavioral states.
The cerebellum modulates cortical reactivity to ischemic and neurodegenerative events.

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