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Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans

R A Anderson1

  • 1Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Chromium (Cr) is an essential nutrient for metabolism, but typical diets are deficient. Supplementation can improve glucose control and body composition in deficient individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Nutrition
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Chromium (Cr) is vital for sugar and fat metabolism.
  • Dietary intake of Cr is often suboptimal, falling below the recommended 50-200 microg/day.
  • Low Cr intake can mimic symptoms of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on metabolic health.
  • To assess chromium's impact on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles.
  • To investigate chromium's role in body composition, specifically lean body mass.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies involving chromium supplementation in humans and swine.
  • Analysis of metabolic and body composition outcomes in relation to chromium intake.
  • Assessment of safety and efficacy based on chromium form and dosage.

Main Results:

  • Supplemental chromium improved blood glucose, insulin, and lipid variables in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.
  • Chromium supplementation has been shown to enhance lean body mass.
  • Benefits of chromium are observed primarily in marginally or overtly chromium-deficient individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Chromium is an essential nutrient with significant benefits for metabolic health and body composition when intake is insufficient.
  • Trivalent chromium is safe, with no documented toxicity at levels up to 1 mg/day.
  • Individual response to chromium supplementation depends on the form and dosage used.

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