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Population diversity: its extent and extinction

J B Hughes1, G C Daily, P R Ehrlich

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Globally, there are an estimated 1.1 to 6.6 billion species populations. Habitat loss is destroying approximately 1800 populations per hour in tropical forests alone.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Conservation Biology
  • Biodiversity Estimation
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Genetically distinct populations are crucial for maintaining overall biodiversity.
  • Understanding population numbers is essential for effective conservation strategies.
  • Previous estimates of global population numbers have been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the global number of genetically distinct populations across various species.
  • To quantify the rate of population extinction due to habitat loss, particularly in tropical forests.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on population differentiation to determine populations per area for sample species.
  • Analysis of species distribution maps to calculate average species range area.

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  • Extrapolation of findings to estimate global population numbers and extinction rates.

    • Main Results:

    • An estimated 220 genetically distinct populations exist per species.
    • This equates to a global estimate of 1.1 to 6.6 billion populations.
    • Approximately 1800 populations are lost per hour in tropical forests due to habitat loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a novel quantitative estimate of global species populations.
    • Habitat loss poses a severe and rapid threat to global biodiversity, with millions of populations lost annually.
    • Urgent conservation efforts are needed to mitigate population extinction, especially in tropical ecosystems.