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Histocompatibility typing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

J P Antel, B G Arnason, T C Fuller

Archives of Neurology

|June 1, 1976

Summary

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) type 3 is more common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, particularly those with rapidly progressing disease. This suggests a potential link between HLA antigens and ALS severity.

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Area of Science:

Immunogenetics
Neurology
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system

Background:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.
The role of genetic factors, including Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) phenotypes, in ALS pathogenesis is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) phenotypes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
To explore potential correlations between HLA antigens and disease progression or severity in ALS patients.

Main Methods:

Comparison of HLA phenotypes between 44 unrelated white patients diagnosed with ALS and 200 white control subjects.
Statistical analysis to determine the frequency of specific HLA antigens in the ALS cohort versus the control group.
Subgroup analysis based on disease progression rate (rapidly vs. slowly progressive).

Main Results:

An increased frequency of HLA-A3 was observed in the overall ALS group compared to controls (43% vs. 25%, P < .05).
Patients with rapidly progressive ALS showed a significantly higher incidence of HLA-A3 (50%, P < .005).
Patients with slowly progressive ALS did not exhibit HLA-A3, with five cases presenting HLA-A12.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest a potential association between specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens, particularly HLA-A3, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
HLA antigen profiles may be linked to the severity and progression rate of ALS, warranting further investigation into their role in disease pathogenesis.

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