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Antigen sampling by epithelial tissues: implication for vaccine design

J P Kraehenbuhl1, S A Hopkins, S Kernéis

  • 1Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.

Behring Institute Mitteilungen
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
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Mucosal epithelia, including those in the gut and respiratory tracts, efficiently sample and transport vaccines. Targeting dendritic cells or M cells enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mucosal surfaces form a critical barrier against pathogens.
  • Specialized epithelial cells like dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and M cells sample foreign antigens.
  • These cells transport antigens to organized lymphoid tissues, initiating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antigen sampling and transport capabilities of various mucosal epithelia.
  • To explore the potential of targeting specific epithelial cells for vaccine delivery.
  • To assess the resulting mucosal and systemic immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live recombinant bacterial vaccines to study antigen uptake and transport across mucosal surfaces.
  • Examined stratified and simple epithelia from respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigated the role of dendritic cells and M cells in antigen presentation and immune induction.
  • Analyzed immune responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).

    • Main Results:

    • All mucosal surfaces demonstrated the ability to sample and transport bacterial vaccines.
    • Transepithelial transport by M cells and antigen uptake by dendritic cells were observed.
    • Vaccine administration via these pathways elicited significant local and systemic immune responses.
    • Phenotypic plasticity of intestinal epithelium was highlighted in the context of MALT formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Mucosal epithelia provide effective pathways for vaccine delivery.
    • Targeting dendritic cells or M cells can enhance the immunogenicity of mucosal vaccines.
    • This approach holds promise for developing robust mucosal and systemic immunity against various pathogens.