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Refractive errors in young children with Down syndrome

J M Woodhouse1, V H Pakeman, M Cregg

  • 1Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Wales-Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|December 31, 1997
PubMed
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Refractive errors are common in children with Down syndrome (DS). Early childhood reveals a higher prevalence and wider distribution of refractive errors, including astigmatism, in young DS patients compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Significant refractive errors are frequently observed in older children and adults with Down syndrome.
  • Early detection and intervention are crucial for visual development in children with Down syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors in infants and young children with Down syndrome.
  • To identify the age at which refractive errors become more prevalent in children with Down syndrome compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • Noncycloplegic retinoscopy was performed on 92 participants with Down syndrome, aged 4 months to 12 years.
  • Refractive states were analyzed and compared to age-matched control groups.

Main Results:

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  • Infants with Down syndrome showed refractive error distributions similar to controls.
  • A wider distribution and higher prevalence of refractive errors, including astigmatism, were observed in older children with Down syndrome compared to controls.
  • These defects were not attributable to strabismus or other ocular pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Refractive errors, particularly astigmatism, increase in prevalence during early childhood in individuals with Down syndrome.
  • Ophthalmological monitoring from infancy is essential for early detection and management of visual impairments in children with Down syndrome.