Spirituality and hope: nursing implications for people with HIV disease

The article describes the historical influence of holistic nursing theorists on the integration of spirituality into nursing care. Assessment and interventions for spiritual distress are suggested based on the conceptual model for holistic nursing practice of Dossey and colleagues. Research concerning the influence of hope, a dimension of spirituality, on men with human immunodeficiency virus disease is reported. Practice implications for increasing hope and facilitating spirituality are discussed.