Fundamental strategies for skin care

The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) identified the need to develop clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, a segment of wound and skin diagnoses. The skin is the first line of defense in protecting the body from constant changes in the environment. Far too often, the attention needed for the skin is only realized after the integrity has been disrupted. This article examines the anatomy and physiology of the skin, factors that affect the skin (aging, bathing, cleansers, dryness, friction, lotions, moisturizers, nutrition, soaps and shearing forces), indications and contraindications of topical skin care products, and AHCPR's recommended interventions. These elements are integral to clinicians in proactively developing sound skin care prevention strategies. Yet without a thorough understanding of all components, the skin's integrity remains at risk.