Evolving fixation methods in endoscopically assisted forehead rejuvenation: controversies and rationale

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Forehead rejuvenation aims to improve brow position, reduce forehead wrinkles, and minimize frown lines.
• Endoscopic techniques offer advantages over traditional open methods, including smaller incisions and improved scalp sensation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evolving endoscopic fixation techniques for forehead rejuvenation.
• To provide a rationale for selecting appropriate fixation methods in endoscopically assisted procedures.

Main Methods:

• Review of endogenous fixation techniques (e.g., sutures, adhesives) and exogenous techniques (e.g., screws, anchors).
• Emphasis on critical factors for endoscopic brow manipulation efficacy: complete brow release, depressor muscle management, and secure fixation.

Main Results:

• Endoscopic brow manipulation success relies on complete supraorbital rim release, brow depressor management, and tension-free fixation during healing.
• Fixation methods are categorized as endogenous or exogenous, with diverse options available for each.

Conclusions:

• Endoscopic forehead rejuvenation requires meticulous technique, particularly regarding brow fixation for sustained results.
• The choice of fixation method impacts the maintenance of desired brow position post-surgery.