Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values represent the...
Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and HCO3−  values are examined to...
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cryogenic and hermetically sealed packaging of photonic chips for optomechanics.

Optics express·2022
Same author

Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2021
Same author

Modeling observations of solar coronal mass ejections with heliospheric imagers verified with the Heliophysics System Observatory.

Space weather : the international journal of research & applications·2017
Same author

Isolation and characterization of renin-like aspartic-proteases from Echis ocellatus venom.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology·2017
Same author

Embryology of Temnocephala novae-zealandiae Haswell.

Nature·2010
Same author

Fatal consequences of nasogastric intubation: a clinical reminder.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine·2009
Same journal

Indirect calorimetry: relevance to patient outcome.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
Same journal

Indirect calorimetry: applications in practice.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
Same journal

Strategies to prevent aspiration-related pneumonia in tube-fed patients.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
Same journal

Feeding the critically ill obese patient: the role of hypocaloric nutrition support.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
Same journal

Nutrition support for the long-term ventilator-dependent patient.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
Same journal

A nutritional strategy to improve oxygenation and decrease morbidity in patients who have acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Respiratory care clinics of North America·2006
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Simultaneous pH Measurement in Endocytic and Cytosolic Compartments in Living Cells using Confocal Microscopy
09:46

Simultaneous pH Measurement in Endocytic and Cytosolic Compartments in Living Cells using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: April 28, 2014

Acid-base balance

R A Harrison1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Respiratory Care Clinics of North America
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article explains acid-base balance, focusing on respiratory and metabolic acid sources and clearance. It details chemical principles, buffering systems, renal regulation, and provides a guide for analyzing acid-base data.

More Related Videos

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Simultaneous pH Measurement in Endocytic and Cytosolic Compartments in Living Cells using Confocal Microscopy
09:46

Simultaneous pH Measurement in Endocytic and Cytosolic Compartments in Living Cells using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: April 28, 2014

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acid-base balance is crucial for physiological function.
  • Understanding the interplay between respiratory and metabolic systems is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the interactions between respiratory and metabolic acid sources.
  • To review the chemical and physiological mechanisms of acid-base homeostasis.
  • To provide a systematic approach for analyzing acid-base data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of acid-base chemistry, including the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.
  • Discussion of biological buffering systems.
  • Overview of renal regulation of acid-base balance.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation's role.
  • Emphasis on the importance of biological buffering.
  • Summary of renal mechanisms in maintaining acid-base equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of acid-base disorders requires understanding multiple physiological systems.
  • A systematic approach aids in accurate interpretation of acid-base status.
  • The article provides a comprehensive guide for clinicians and researchers.