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Pseudorabies in captive coyotes

J T Raymond1, R G Gillespie, M Woodruff

  • 1Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|December 10, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as Aujeszky's disease, caused the deaths of three coyotes in Indiana. The infection likely resulted from consuming infected pig carcasses, highlighting a potential wildlife disease transmission route.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Wildlife Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Pseudorabies virus (PRV), or Aujeszky's disease, is a herpesvirus that affects swine and can cause sporadic infections in other mammals.
  • Coyotes are opportunistic predators and scavengers, increasing their risk of exposure to diseases present in their environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document a case of pseudorabies in captive coyotes.
  • To identify the causative agent and potential source of infection.
  • To understand the implications for wildlife health and disease surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy and histopathological examination of affected coyotes.
  • Identification of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in neural tissues.
  • Laboratory analysis of brain samples using fluorescent antibody testing and virus isolation for PRV detection.

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Main Results:

  • Three captive coyotes in southern Indiana died within 48 hours.
  • Histopathology confirmed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and characteristic inclusion bodies.
  • PRV was confirmed in brain samples via direct testing and isolation.
  • Consumption of PRV-infected pig carcasses was identified as the likely infection source.

Conclusions:

  • This case confirms pseudorabies virus can be fatal in coyotes.
  • The findings underscore the risk of PRV transmission from domestic animals (swine) to wildlife.
  • Effective biosecurity in swine farming is crucial to prevent environmental contamination and protect wildlife populations.