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A case of hyperoxaluria. Radiological aspects

B Elmståhl1, A Rausing

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.

Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|December 12, 1997
PubMed
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Oxalosis, a rare condition causing calcium oxalate deposits, can mimic other bone diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Early diagnosis and classification as primary or secondary oxalosis are crucial for appropriate treatment, including renal transplantation for secondary oxalosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Oxalosis involves calcium oxalate deposition in soft tissues and bone, presenting as osteosclerosis on radiographs.
  • Osteosclerotic bone changes in hemodialysis patients are often attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism, but other diagnoses require consideration.

Observation:

  • A young woman with end-stage renal disease on long-term hemodialysis presented with skeletal pain and characteristic radiographic findings.
  • Radiological examination revealed osteosclerosis, irregular periosteal changes in extremities, and acrolysis with vascular/soft tissue calcifications in the hands.
  • Histological analysis confirmed oxalosis, and a liver biopsy ruled out primary oxalosis type I, suggesting secondary oxalosis.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was consistent with secondary oxalosis, likely resulting from chronic renal failure.

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  • Unlike primary oxalosis, secondary oxalosis is potentially treatable with renal transplantation.

    • Implications:

    • Oxalosis should be considered in patients with chronic renal failure and skeletal abnormalities, to avoid misdiagnosis as renal osteodystrophy.
    • Distinguishing between primary and secondary oxalosis is critical for guiding patient management and treatment strategies.