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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

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A case of hyperoxaluria. Radiological aspects

B Elmståhl¹, A Rausing

¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.

Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)

|December 12, 1997

Summary

Oxalosis, a rare condition causing calcium oxalate deposits, can mimic other bone diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Early diagnosis and classification as primary or secondary oxalosis are crucial for appropriate treatment, including renal transplantation for secondary oxalosis.

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

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Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Radiology
Pathology

Background:

Oxalosis involves calcium oxalate deposition in soft tissues and bone, presenting as osteosclerosis on radiographs.
Osteosclerotic bone changes in hemodialysis patients are often attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism, but other diagnoses require consideration.

Observation:

A young woman with end-stage renal disease on long-term hemodialysis presented with skeletal pain and characteristic radiographic findings.
Radiological examination revealed osteosclerosis, irregular periosteal changes in extremities, and acrolysis with vascular/soft tissue calcifications in the hands.
Histological analysis confirmed oxalosis, and a liver biopsy ruled out primary oxalosis type I, suggesting secondary oxalosis.

Findings:

The patient's condition was consistent with secondary oxalosis, likely resulting from chronic renal failure.
Unlike primary oxalosis, secondary oxalosis is potentially treatable with renal transplantation.

Implications:

Oxalosis should be considered in patients with chronic renal failure and skeletal abnormalities, to avoid misdiagnosis as renal osteodystrophy.
Distinguishing between primary and secondary oxalosis is critical for guiding patient management and treatment strategies.