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[Physiology and action of prolactin]
T Matsuzaki1, M Irahara, T Aono
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 13, 1997
Summary
Prolactin (PRL), a pituitary hormone, is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and influences lactation. Its diverse functions, including roles in reproduction and other systems, require further scientific clarification.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Reproductive Biology
- Neuroendocrinology
Background:
- Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
- Hypothalamic hormones, particularly dopamine (prolactin inhibiting factor), regulate PRL secretion.
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and oxytocin act as prolactin-releasing factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the regulation of prolactin secretion.
- To highlight the known and potential functions of prolactin.
- To identify areas requiring further research regarding prolactin's actions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of prolactin regulation and function.
- Analysis of factors influencing prolactin secretion (e.g., sleep, stress, estrogen).
- Discussion of prolactin's established role in lactation and proposed roles in other physiological processes.
Main Results:
- Prolactin secretion is under negative hypothalamic control, primarily by dopamine.
- Various stimuli including sleep, stress, sexual activity, and suckling induce PRL release.
- Estrogen increases serum PRL levels, leading to higher levels in women, particularly during pregnancy.
Conclusions:
- Lactation is the primary established function of prolactin in humans, crucial for reproduction.
- The roles of prolactin in ovarian function, osmoregulation, and immunoregulation are not fully understood.
- Further research is necessary to elucidate the complete spectrum of prolactin's physiological actions.