[Abnormal female reproductive function]

Sex differentiation may be seen as a sequence of gonadal determination, gonadal differentiation, genital differentiation. Malfunction of this causes abnormal female reproductive function. SRY (sex-determining region Y) has been show to induce testis which is needed to bring about development of the other male sex organs. Absence or point or frame shift mutation in the SRY causes XY females. Secondary sex determination depends on testosterone produced by Leydig cells. Testicular feminization syndrome typically lack the normal androgen receptor protein and therefore, they are distinctly female phenotype. Rokitansky syndrome is a type of aplasia vaginae and is a malformation of the Mullerian duct. They all present primary amenorrhea. Secondary amenorrhea is a common type of abnormal female reproductive function and differential diagnosis depends on hormonal analysis. One of the topics includes polycystic ovarian syndrome which is recently treated by laparoscopic surgery.