Pharmacological treatment of exertional dyspnoea in stable COPD patients

Exertional dyspnoea is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because little can be done for its resolution, the idea of its symptomatic treatment is attractive. There is no gold standard for the pharmacological management of exertional dyspnoea in stable COPD. A reassessment of the available literature shows the current perspectives and limits.