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Infection of bone marrow macrophages by equine infectious anemia virus
C J Swardson1, D L Lichtenstein, S Wang
1Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Objective:
To characterize infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) by determining virus production, effects on viability, and induction of cytokines.
Sample Population:
BMDM obtained from bone marrow of 6 clinically normal adult horses.
Procedure:
BMDM were infected with EIAV at a multiplicity of infection of 8. Cell viability, percentage of cells with detectable viral protein, reverse transcriptase activity, and concentrations of infective virus (focus-forming units/ml), interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured in culture supernatant samples obtained at various days after infection.
Results:
Cell viability was decreased on day 4 and was maximally decreased on day 8. The number of cells with detectable viral protein and supernatant reverse transcriptase activity increased significantly on day 4 and increased until day 6. Virus concentration (focus-forming units per milliliter) peaked on day 4 after infection and was constant thereafter. Infection with EIAV caused significant induction of interleukin 6 production by BMDM. The maximal difference was seen on day 4 after infection. Control and infected BMDM produced only negligible amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Conclusions:
BMDM are useful, as a cell population, to study the effects of infection with EIAV, including cell death and induction of interleukin 6 but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.