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Pituitary tumours in the elderly

H E Turner1, J A Wass

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.

Bailliere'S Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Pituitary tumors in older adults are understudied. Autopsy data reveal microadenomas are common, but clinical series show non-functioning adenomas are most frequent, often presenting with visual loss.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pituitary tumors in the elderly are under-researched in endocrinology and gerontology literature.
  • Autopsy studies indicate microadenomas are the most prevalent pituitary tumors in the elderly.
  • Clinical data contrast with autopsy findings, showing non-functioning adenomas as the most common type in this age group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pituitary tumors in the elderly.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and common presentations in geriatric patients.
  • To discuss treatment considerations for pituitary tumors in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of autopsy studies in elderly populations.
  • Analysis of clinical series focusing on pituitary tumors in older patients.

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  • Synthesis of existing literature on diagnosis and treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Autopsy data reveal microadenomas (immunocytochemically negative or prolactin-staining) as most common.
    • Clinical series report non-functioning adenomas as the most frequent, alongside pituitary metastases and craniopharyngiomas.
    • Visual field loss is the most common presenting symptom; hypopituitarism may be diagnosed late, and incidental radiological findings are frequent.
    • Hormonal hypersecretion syndromes may present with milder symptoms in this demographic.

    Conclusions:

    • Pituitary tumors in the elderly present unique diagnostic and clinical challenges.
    • Non-functioning adenomas are the most common clinically observed pituitary tumors in older adults.
    • Individualized treatment approaches involving medication, surgery, or radiotherapy are recommended and appear well-tolerated in selected elderly patients.