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Processing speed and memory in aging and dementia

M Sliwinski1, H Buschke

  • 1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. sliwinsk@aecom.yu.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
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Processing speed (PS) explains age-related memory decline but not dementia-related memory differences. Encoding specificity effects on memory are also not mediated by PS in aging.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Processing speed (PS) is a cognitive function that declines with age.
  • Age-related memory impairments are well-documented.
  • The role of PS in dementia-related memory deficits is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate processing speed (PS) as a mediator of memory differences in aging and dementia.
  • To examine whether PS influences age-related memory decline in cued recall and text memory.
  • To determine if PS accounts for memory impairments observed in dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis controlling for processing speed (PS).
  • Assessment of memory performance (cued recall, text memory) in aging and dementia cohorts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of memory performance under conditions of varying encoding specificity.

    • Main Results:

    • Statistical control of PS significantly reduced or eliminated age-related differences in memory.
    • Age-related decline in benefiting from enhanced encoding specificity was not mediated by PS.
    • PS did not significantly attenuate memory differences between dementia patients and controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Processing speed (PS) is a significant mediator of age-related memory decline.
    • PS does not appear to be a primary factor in dementia-related memory impairments.
    • Findings suggest distinct mechanisms underlying normal aging and dementia-related memory loss.