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Ocular examination techniques for the emergency department

P S Juang1, P Rosen

  • 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This guide details emergency eye examinations for physicians, covering history, visual acuity, and specialized tests like CT scans. It outlines the steps for comprehensive eye assessments and when to refer to an ophthalmologist.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Examination

Background:

  • Eye injuries and conditions are common in emergency settings.
  • Prompt and accurate eye examination is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Emergency physicians require a structured approach to evaluating ocular complaints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive guide for emergency physicians on eye examination.
  • To outline the essential components of a thorough ocular assessment in an emergency setting.
  • To clarify when advanced imaging or specialist referral is indicated.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic patient history and visual acuity testing.
  • Detailed external eye examination, including assessment of pupils, extraocular movements, visual fields, and color vision.

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  • Slit lamp examination, direct ophthalmoscopy for fundus and optic nerve evaluation, and intraocular pressure measurement.

    • Main Results:

    • A stepwise approach to eye examination ensures all critical aspects are covered.
    • Integration of basic and advanced diagnostic tools aids in diagnosis.
    • Clear criteria for referral to ophthalmology facilitate timely specialist care.

    Conclusions:

    • Emergency physicians can effectively manage many eye conditions with a structured examination protocol.
    • Timely diagnosis and appropriate management in the emergency department can prevent long-term vision impairment.
    • This guide serves as a valuable resource for improving emergency eye care.