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Radiation therapy for choroidal melanoma

P T Finger1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, USA. Pfinger@nyee.edu

Survey of Ophthalmology
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma spares eyes but can cause side effects. Research aims to reduce complications while maintaining high local tumor control rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Radiotherapy offers an eye-sparing alternative to enucleation for choroidal melanoma.
  • Common radiotherapy methods include ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy and charged-particle radiotherapy.
  • Despite its benefits, radiotherapy can lead to sight-limiting side effects and secondary enucleation in some patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global experiences with radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma.
  • To provide information for patient education and informed consent regarding treatment outcomes and risks.
  • To highlight ongoing research aimed at mitigating radiation-induced ocular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of worldwide clinical studies and treatment data for choroidal melanoma managed with radiotherapy.
  • Analysis of factors influencing radiation-induced complications, including radiation type, dose, delivery method, and tumor characteristics.
  • Assessment of local tumor control rates and the incidence of secondary enucleation.

Main Results:

  • Radiotherapy achieves high local control rates for choroidal melanoma, averaging 92.8% (range 81-100%).
  • An average of 16.3% of patients require enucleation due to tumor regrowth or neovascular glaucoma post-radiotherapy.
  • Complication severity is linked to radiation specifics, tumor factors, and irradiated normal ocular structures.

Conclusions:

  • Radiotherapy is an effective eye-sparing treatment for choroidal melanoma, with significant local tumor control.
  • Minimizing radiation to normal ocular tissues is crucial for reducing treatment-related morbidity.
  • Further research, including investigating methods like hyperthermia, is needed to improve treatment outcomes and reduce side effects.

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