[Systemic immunologic diseases as differential diagnosis in psychiatry]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Psychiatry
• Immunology

Context:

• Psychiatric and neurological symptoms can be early indicators of underlying systemic autoimmune diseases.
• Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, vasculitides, antiphospholipid syndrome, and Sneddon's syndrome are reviewed.
• Mental disorders may present before or during the course of autoimmune disease diagnosis.

Purpose:

• To review psychiatric and neurological manifestations associated with systemic autoimmune diseases.
• To discuss diagnostic considerations for identifying autoimmune etiologies of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
• To outline therapeutic strategies for managing these conditions.

Summary:

• Systemic autoimmune diseases frequently present with psychiatric and neurological symptoms, sometimes as the initial manifestation.
• The review covers key conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, primary vasculitides, antiphospholipid syndrome, and Sneddon's syndrome.
• Diagnostic challenges and treatment options are explored for cases where autoimmune disease is suspected as the cause of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Impact:

• Increased awareness among psychiatrists and neurologists can lead to earlier diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases.
• Timely identification facilitates adequate treatment, potentially improving patient outcomes for both autoimmune and psychiatric conditions.
• Highlights the critical link between autoimmune disorders and neuropsychiatric presentations, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach.