[Urinary incontinence in castrated bitches. Part 1: Significance, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis]

Acquired urinary incontinence occurs in 20% of spayed dogs and there exists a strong correlation between body weight and the risk of urinary incontinence. Bitches with a body weight of more than 20 kg have a risk of 30% white smaller dogs have a risk of 10%. A particular breed disposition exists in Boxers in which 65% are affected. Other breeds with a more than average disposition for urinary incontinence are Dobermans and Giant Schnauzers. Urinary incontinence due to spaying manifests itself mainly while the dogs are sleeping. The cause is a urethral sphincter incompetence which can be verified by a urethral pressure profile (UPP). The microtransducer method proved to be a suitable method for urodynamic studies. It could be demonstrated that the urethral closure pressure is significantly lower in incontinent bitches (4.6 +/- 2.3 cm H2O) than in continent bitches (18.6 +/- 10.5 cm H2O). In addition, the urethral closure pressure for continent bitches dropped significantly within 12 months after surgery. Histological examination revealed that the functional urethral closure cannot be explained by the extent of discernible structures of the urethral wall as seen by light microscopy.