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Aging-associated changes in human brain

R E Mrak1, S T Griffin, D I Graham

  • 1Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|December 31, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Brain aging involves gradual neuronal and volume changes, but plasticity persists. Age-related vascular issues and molecular damage increase, potentially linking to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Aging brains exhibit diverse anatomical and histological changes.
  • Distinguishing intrinsic aging from environmental damage is challenging.
  • Previous assumptions of significant neuronal loss are being revised.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate intrinsic age-related brain alterations.
  • To explore the relationship between aging, molecular damage, and neurodegeneration.
  • To identify universal histological changes in aged brains.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brain aging.
  • Analysis of studies on neuronal plasticity and volume changes.
  • Examination of age-associated vascular and molecular alterations.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Neuronal and volume loss may be less than previously thought; plasticity continues into later decades.
  • Age-related vascular changes include arteriosclerosis and leukoaraiosis.
  • Increased glial activation, oxidative damage, glycation, and DNA damage are observed.
  • Universal histological findings include corpora amylacea, lipofuscin accumulation, and neurofibrillary tangles.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic brain aging involves subtle neuronal changes and significant molecular damage.
  • Vascular and molecular alterations may contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Specific histological markers are consistently found in aged human brains.