Bladder dysfunction and management in multiple sclerosis

Symptomatic bladder dysfunction occurs at some time in most patients with multiple sclerosis. The relapsing-remitting course and progressive loss of mobility associated with multiple sclerosis make management of urinary urgency and incontinence difficult. Urodynamic evaluation serves as a guideline for appropriate treatment. After accurate diagnosis of bladder dysfunction, a management program is developed with use of fluid schedules, voiding techniques, neuropharmacologic manipulation, intermittent catheterization, surgical treatment, and other adjunctive measures as indicated. The goals of treatment are to protect and preserve renal function, relieve symptomatic voiding dysfunction, and avoid subsequent urinary complications. A management program should be individualized, dynamic, and monitored with periodic, systematic urologic review to maintain these goals.