[Diversity of joro spider toxins]

In a study to solve a mystery of venom toxicity of the joro spider, Nephila clavata, we purified and identified novel spider toxins such as clavamine, spidamine and joramine. Chemical analyses, bioassays and physical analyses were specifically elaborated in these procedures. The structure-activity relationship of the spider toxins was discussed biologically and chemically in comparison with the other spider toxins. We considered that the diversity of the joro spider toxins by reserving 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-L-asparaginylcadaverine as a common moiety gave rise to an important insight into not only the toxic reaction, but also the ontology.