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Related Experiment Videos

Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze

R J Rodgers1, A Dalvi

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK. johnr@psychology.leeds.ac.uk

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 7, 1998
PubMed
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The elevated plus-maze test effectively models anxiety in rodents. Enhancing this anxiety test with detailed behavioral analysis, including defensive behaviors, improves drug screening accuracy for anti-anxiety medications.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Pharmacology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is a widely used rodent model for assessing anxiety-like behaviors.
  • Its ecological validity stems from observing spontaneous behaviors, but methodological variations can impact results.
  • Understanding the interplay between exploration, fear, and anxiety is crucial for accurate behavioral assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins and methodology of the EPM test.
  • To highlight the impact of methodological variations on pharmacosensitivity.
  • To introduce and validate an ethological approach for enhanced behavioral analysis in the EPM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the elevated plus-maze test.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of methodological variations and their influence on drug sensitivity.
  • Application of an ethological approach, including specific behavioral acts and postures, to EPM scoring.
  • Pharmacological testing with the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol.

    • Main Results:

    • Methodological inconsistencies across laboratories can significantly affect the elevated plus-maze test's pharmacosensitivity.
    • An ethological approach, focusing on detailed behavioral acts and defensive behaviors, provides more specific insights.
    • Muscimol demonstrated behaviorally selective, anti-anxiety effects within the 0.125-1.0 mg/kg dose range.

    Conclusions:

    • The elevated plus-maze is a valuable tool for drug screening and studying the neurobiology of anxiety and defense when employed with appropriate methodology.
    • An ethological perspective, emphasizing detailed behavioral observation over test simplicity, is recommended for improved accuracy.
    • Standardized testing conditions and comprehensive behavioral data are essential for reliable conclusions on drug action specificity.