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Asymmetry of normal mandibular condylar shape

V F Ferrario1, C Sforza, A Miani

  • 1Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy. vferrario@cube.it

Acta Anatomica
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Human mandibular condyles exhibit significant shape asymmetry within individuals, despite group symmetry between sexes. This finding highlights the importance of advanced shape analysis over traditional measurements in understanding facial skeletal morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental anthropology
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Quantitative morphology

Background:

  • Conventional radiographic measurements of the facial skeleton lack detailed shape analysis.
  • Fourier series offer a robust mathematical method for quantitative shape assessment and variation analysis.
  • Mandibular condyle morphology is crucial for understanding temporomandibular joint function and facial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze the shape of mandibular condyles using Fourier analysis.
  • To investigate condylar shape symmetry on both intrasubject (left vs. right) and intersubject (male vs. female) bases.
  • To compare the efficacy of Fourier analysis with conventional measurement techniques for skeletal morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Digitization of mandibular condyle outlines from orthopantomographs of 40 healthy adults (20 men, 20 women).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Application of Fourier series analysis to quantify condyle shape.
  • Comparison of Fourier coefficients and reconstructed outlines to assess symmetry and variability.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant intrasubject asymmetry in mandibular condyle shape was detected, indicating left and right condyles differ in form within individuals.
    • A large interindividual variability in condyle shape was observed.
    • No significant difference in mean condyle shape was found between male and female groups, suggesting symmetry between sexes.

    Conclusions:

    • Mandibular condyle shape is inherently asymmetric within individuals, a finding not captured by traditional linear/angular measurements.
    • Fourier analysis provides a powerful tool for detailed shape quantification, revealing subtle morphological differences.
    • While individual condyles vary significantly in shape, the average shape is consistent between sexes.