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Published on: February 12, 2017
Paclitaxel-induced acute bilateral pneumonitis
A Khan1, D McNally, P J Tutschka
1Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA.
Objective:
To report three cases of paclitaxel-induced acute bilateral pneumonitis, as well as to ascertain its incidence and outcome.
Case Summaries:
A total of 239 patients with a variety of underlying malignancies received 528 courses of paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy. Paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 was infused over 3 hours with standard premedication. Three patients developed bilateral interstitial infiltrates either during or within 6 hours of the administration of paclitaxel. Symptoms included a nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and sudden arterial oxygen desaturation. Response to parenteral corticosteroids was dramatic and reversed the process in all 3 patients.
Discussion:
Paclitaxel-induced acute bilateral pneumonitis appears to be a rare adverse reaction. It may either be a direct toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent or an adverse effect of its Cremophor EL diluent. Although the exact pathophysiology is unclear, a variety of immune and nonimmune mechanisms have been postulated, including hypersensitivity reactions, release of cytokines from macrophages, and the possible role of prior thoracic irradiation.
Conclusions:
Acute bilateral pneumonitis occurs in less than 1% of individuals receiving 3-hour infusions of paclitaxel, and responds dramatically to parenteral corticosteroid therapy.
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