Disability models in geriatrics: comprehensive rather than competing models should be promoted

Area of Science:

• Disability Studies
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Psychology

Background:

• The distinction between ability and disability is fluid, influenced by societal and individual factors.
• Existing models of disability often focus narrowly on social aspects, neglecting other dimensions.
• A comprehensive approach is needed to understand the multifaceted nature of disability.

Discussion:

• Comprehensive disability models should integrate medical, psychological, and social aspects for a holistic understanding.
• The World Health Organization's International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) offers a foundational framework.
• A significant limitation of the ICIDH is its insufficient consideration of individual subjective perceptions.

Key Insights:

• No single model fully captures the complexity of disability; a multi-faceted approach is essential.
• Subjective well-being is a critical component that needs to be incorporated into disability frameworks.
• The ICIDH can be enhanced by integrating models of subjective well-being to account for personal experiences.

Outlook:

• Future research should explore the interplay between subjective well-being and established disability classifications.
• Developing integrated models will improve the assessment and support for individuals with disabilities.
• This work advocates for a nuanced understanding of disability, moving beyond purely social or medical paradigms.