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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Investigations on immune parameters in welders

H Tuschl1, E Weber, R Kovac

  • 1Department of Toxicology, Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|January 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Welding fumes may impair immune function, specifically T cell DNA synthesis and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity. However, most measured immune responses were unaffected in welders compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Immunotoxicology
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Occupational exposure to welding fumes is prevalent.
  • The impact of welding fumes on the human immune system requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of occupational welding fume exposure on cellular, non-specific, and humoral immune responses.
  • To correlate immune function changes with reported health issues in welders.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed cellular immunity via T cell responses and lymphocyte phenotyping.
  • Quantified non-specific immunity through granulocyte oxidative burst and LAK cell cytotoxicity.
  • Evaluated humoral immunity by measuring serum immunoglobulin levels and B cell production.
  • Compared immune parameters between 30 male welders and 16 non-exposed controls.

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Main Results:

  • Welding fumes significantly retarded T cell DNA synthesis kinetics post-phytohaemagglutinin stimulation.
  • Cytotoxic activity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was reduced in welders.
  • No significant effects were observed in lymphocytic subpopulations, mixed lymphocyte reactions, phagocytosis, or immunoglobulin production.
  • Reported symptoms like respiratory infections and bronchitis were common among welders but not directly linked to measured immune impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Welding fumes can negatively impact specific immune functions, including T cell proliferation and LAK cell cytotoxicity.
  • The observed immune alterations, particularly reduced LAK cell activity, may contribute to health issues in exposed workers, though direct correlations were limited.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the immunotoxicological effects of welding fumes and their clinical relevance.