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Decrease in bladder cell micronucleus prevalence after intervention to lower the concentration of arsenic in drinking

L E Moore1, A H Smith, C Hopenhayn-Rich

  • 1School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|January 7, 1998
PubMed
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Reducing arsenic (As) intake lowered genetic damage in bladder cells, evidenced by decreased micronucleated cells (MNCs). This intervention study confirms arsenic

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies suggest arsenic (As) ingestion is linked to bladder cancer.
  • Previous biomarker studies indicated a correlation between As levels and genetic damage in bladder cells (micronucleated cells - MNCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genotoxic effects of arsenic on bladder urothelium through an intervention study.
  • To assess the impact of reduced arsenic exposure on genetic damage markers in bladder cells.

Main Methods:

  • An 8-week intervention study involving 34 men with high arsenic exposure from Chile.
  • Subjects were provided with low-arsenic water (45 µg/L) replacing their usual high-arsenic water (approx. 600 µg/L).
  • Urinary arsenic levels and micronucleated cell (MNC) prevalence in exfoliated bladder cells were measured pre- and post-intervention.

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Main Results:

  • Mean urinary arsenic levels significantly decreased from 742 to 225 µg/L.
  • Bladder MNC prevalence decreased from 2.63 to 1.79 MNCs/1000 cells (P < 0.05).
  • A more pronounced reduction in MNCs was observed in smokers and individuals with initially lower urinary arsenic levels, suggesting increased susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing arsenic intake effectively lowers genetic damage to bladder urothelial cells.
  • Arsenic is confirmed as a genotoxic agent to bladder cells, with potential for differential susceptibility (e.g., smokers).
  • These findings support public health measures to limit arsenic exposure in drinking water.