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Congenital brain tumors

J M Raisanen1, R L Davis

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0506, USA.

Pathology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital brain tumors, primarily teratomas, are common at birth. While prognosis is poor due to size, early detection and resection of smaller tumors, like choroid plexus tumors, offer better survival chances.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Congenital brain tumors present at birth pose significant challenges.
  • Teratomas are the most frequent type, significantly outnumbering astrocytomas.
  • Understanding the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of these tumors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics of brain tumors present at birth.
  • To determine the relative frequencies and sex distribution of different congenital brain tumor types.
  • To investigate the presenting signs, associated anomalies, and prognosis of neonatal brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a series of congenital brain tumors.
  • Histological classification and evaluation of tumor location and size.

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  • Correlation of tumor type with presenting signs, associated anomalies, and patient outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Teratomas were the most common congenital brain tumor, occurring over five times more frequently than astrocytomas.
    • Supratentorial locations predominated, with teratomas, craniopharyngiomas, and choroid plexus tumors frequently found there.
    • Large head or tense fontanel presented in over 55% of cases; neurological symptoms were rare. Tumors associated with developmental defects often had other anomalies, particularly cleft lip/palate.
    • Prognosis was generally poor due to tumor size, but successful resection was possible for smaller, well-located tumors. Choroid plexus tumors showed the most favorable outcomes with aggressive treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Teratomas are the predominant congenital brain tumor, often immature and associated with developmental anomalies.
    • Neonatal brain tumors frequently present with macrocephaly, and their prognosis is heavily influenced by size and location.
    • While challenging, aggressive treatment and surgical resection can lead to disease-free survival for certain congenital brain tumors, notably choroid plexus tumors.