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A multisegment computer simulation of normal human gait

L A Gilchrist1, D A Winter

  • 1Physical Therapy, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
|January 9, 1998
PubMed
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This study developed a 3D computer simulation of normal human walking using gait analysis data. The simulation successfully modeled one walking step, highlighting sensitivity to joint stiffness parameters for realistic movement.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motion Analysis
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Accurate simulation of human locomotion is crucial for clinical biomechanics and understanding movement disorders.
  • Previous models often lacked the complexity to capture realistic joint dynamics and control mechanisms.
  • Integrating inverse dynamics with forward dynamics simulations offers a promising approach for enhanced realism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a three-dimensional (3-D) computer simulation of normal human walking.
  • To utilize resultant joint moments from gait analysis as driving inputs for the simulation.
  • To create a model capable of answering clinical science questions related to human locomotion.

Main Methods:

  • A nine-segment 3-D model, including a two-part foot, was employed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inverse dynamics analysis provided initial conditions and driving joint moments from a normal walking trial.
  • Torsional springs, linear springs, and dampers were implemented at various joints (hip, knee, ankle) to control trunk stability and prevent non-physiological motion.

    • Main Results:

    • The simulated human model successfully completed one walking step (550 ms), encompassing both single and double support phases.
    • The simulation demonstrated significant sensitivity to the stiffness values of trunk controllers and knee/metatarsal-phalangeal joint hyperextension prevention.
    • Model sensitivity to damping coefficients was generally low, indicating stiffness as a primary driver of motion characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed computer simulation represents an advancement by incorporating features relevant to clinical biomechanics.
    • The model's sensitivity analysis provides insights into the critical role of joint stiffness in controlling human walking.
    • Further development of control algorithms is necessary for adapting the simulation to diverse subjects and clinical applications.