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Circadian rhythms: from behaviour to molecules

E Rosato¹, A Piccin, C P Kyriacou

¹Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, UK.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology

|January 10, 1998

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Circadian rhythms in fruit flies rely on period (per) and timeless (tim) genes. These genes form a feedback loop, with protein levels cycling and light influencing timeless degradation for entrainment.

Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Chronobiology
Genetics

Background:

Circadian behavior patterns are well-studied at the molecular level in Drosophila and mice.
Key molecular components of the fly clock include the period (per) and timeless (tim) genes, essential for rhythmicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian behavior in higher eukaryotes.
To explore the tissue-specific regulation of circadian genes and evolutionary modifications.

Main Methods:

Analysis of molecular components of the circadian clock in Drosophila.
Comparative analyses of per and tim gene regulation across different tissues and species.
Investigation of light-induced degradation of TIM protein.

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Main Results:

PER and TIM proteins exhibit circadian abundance cycles, forming a negative feedback loop with their mRNAs.
TIM protein degradation by light provides a molecular basis for light entrainment and phase responses.
Tissue-specific regulation of per and tim genes varies, indicating evolutionary adaptation.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the essential roles of per and tim genes in Drosophila circadian rhythms.
Evolution has shaped the utilization of these genes for diverse circadian phenotypes.
The cloning of mouse clock genes offers new avenues for mammalian molecular chronobiology research.