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Telomerase activity in benign and malignant thyroid diseases

K Yashima1, F Vuitch, A F Gazdar

  • 1Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.

Surgery
|January 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Telomerase activity, linked to cellular immortality, was investigated in thyroid tumors. Contrary to expectations, it was not frequently reactivated in differentiated thyroid carcinomas, suggesting limited diagnostic utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomerase is crucial for cellular immortality and is active in most cancers.
  • Its measurement in tissues can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
  • This study evaluated telomerase activity in thyroid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of telomerase activity in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
  • To investigate telomerase expression patterns in various thyroid conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A modified, semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay was used.
  • Telomerase activity was detected in 59 thyroidectomy samples.
  • Samples included thyroid cancers, benign diseases, and adjacent normal tissues.

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Main Results:

  • Telomerase activity was detected in 30% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas and 100% of medullary carcinomas.
  • Unexpectedly, activity was also found in 14% of normal thyroid tissues and 28% of benign thyroid diseases.
  • Telomerase-positive benign specimens often showed lymphoid infiltrates.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase is not frequently reactivated in differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
  • This contrasts with its reactivation in other epithelial carcinomas.
  • Telomerase activity may have limited application in diagnosing differentiated thyroid carcinomas.