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Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: a family study

L T Zorrilla1, T D Cannon, S Kronenberg

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Biological Psychiatry
|January 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Structural brain abnormalities, like enlarged ventricles (ventricular enlargement) and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, are more common in schizophrenia patients than previously thought, especially in the left hemisphere.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Structural brain abnormalities, particularly ventricular enlargement, are known correlates of schizophrenia.
  • Previous studies showed moderate differences (<1 SD) between patients and controls, with only 40% of patients outside the normal range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroanatomical differences in schizophrenia using sibling pairs to control for genetic variation.
  • To clarify the prevalence and magnitude of structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computerized tomographic scans to measure ventricular and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to brain ratios (VBR and SBR) in 16 discordant sibling pairs.
  • Analyzed differences within families to control for genetic and environmental factors.

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Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients showed significantly larger VBR and SBR compared to their non-schizophrenic siblings in 75% of pairs.
  • Average differences were 1 SD for VBR and 5 SD for SBR.
  • Sulcal enlargement and left hemisphere abnormalities were more pronounced than ventricular and right hemisphere effects.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia are more prevalent and pronounced than previously assumed after controlling for familial factors.
  • Cortical and left hemisphere CSF space enlargement show greater deviation in schizophrenia.