The extensor digitorum brevis island flap: possible applications based on anatomy

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Reconstruction
• Microsurgery

Background:

• The proximally based extensor digitorum brevis island flap has emerged as a valuable technique for lower extremity reconstruction.
• Understanding its anatomical basis is crucial for optimizing its clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the anatomical feasibility and potential applications of the extensor digitorum brevis island flap.
• To investigate the vascularization and morphology of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for reconstructive purposes.

Main Methods:

• Anatomical dissection and morphological study of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle in 16 cadavers.
• Assessment of vascular supply, pedicle mobilization, and flap reach.

Main Results:

• The extensor digitorum brevis island flap, with adequate pedicle mobilization, can reach the lateral and medial malleoli.
• The flap frequently covers the Achilles tendon, heel, and anterior crural region.
• Consistent vascular supply is provided primarily by the lateral tarsal artery.
• The mean flap surface area is 27 cm², suitable for small to medium defects.

Conclusions:

• The extensor digitorum brevis island flap is a reliable and versatile option for lower extremity reconstruction.
• Its consistent vascular supply and significant reach support its use in covering diverse defects in the foot and ankle.