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Syndrome E

I Fried1

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-7039, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 15, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syndrome E describes the transformation of nonviolent individuals into repetitive killers, characterized by specific symptoms and intact cognitive functions. Prevention may involve early recognition and intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Historically, groups of nonviolent individuals have transformed into repetitive killers of vulnerable populations.
  • This phenomenon presents a consistent set of symptoms indicative of a distinct syndrome, termed Syndrome E.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and characterize Syndrome E, a behavioral transformation leading to repetitive killing.
  • To propose a pathophysiological model for Syndrome E and identify key risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Symptom and sign analysis of affected individuals.
  • Identification of demographic risk factors (male sex, age 15-50).
  • Hypothesizing a neurobiological model ('cognitive fracture') involving prefrontal cortex and amygdala interactions.

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Main Results:

  • Syndrome E is characterized by obsessive ideation, compulsive repetition, desensitization to violence, diminished affect, hyperarousal, environmental dependency, group contagion, and maladaptation.
  • Cognitive functions such as memory, language, planning, and problem-solving remain intact.
  • A 'cognitive fracture' model is proposed, involving hyperactive orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal cortices inhibiting the amygdala, with impaired homeostatic regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Syndrome E represents a product of neocortical development, not a primitive brain disinhibition.
  • Early identification of Syndrome E symptoms and signs is crucial for potential prevention strategies.
  • Prevention may involve education and isolation of affected individuals.